Which type of database model includes attributes like primary keys and foreign keys?

The logical model is designed to represent data structures in a way that is more abstract than the physical model while still being detailed enough to allow for the definition of relationships between the data elements. In this context, it includes the use of primary keys and foreign keys, which are critical for establishing relationships and enforcing data integrity within the database.

Primary keys serve as unique identifiers for records in a database table, ensuring that each entry can be distinctly recognized. Foreign keys, on the other hand, create a link between two tables, establishing a relationship that helps maintain the integrity of the data across those tables. This structure and the definition of such relationships take place in the logical model, which focuses on how the data is organized and interacts without delving into the specifics of physical storage.

The other options, such as the conceptual model, primarily provide an overview of the data requirements from a high-level perspective without detailing attributes like primary and foreign keys. The physical model, while concerned with the actual storage and performance aspects of the database, is less about the logical relationships and more about implementation specifics. The hierarchical model, while a type of database model, specifically depicts data in a tree-like structure, which does not inherently involve the relationship attributes defined in relational database concepts.