Which topology connects nodes in a linear or tree format?

The correct answer is bus topology, which is characterized by a linear layout where all nodes are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus. In this arrangement, data travels in both directions along the cable, and each node taps into this bus to send and receive data. This linear structure simplifies the design of the network and makes it easier to add or remove devices without disrupting the entire system.

Bus topology is particularly effective in smaller networks where a straightforward configuration is desired. It also has the advantage of requiring less cabling than some other topologies, which can reduce costs. However, it does have limitations when it comes to scalability and can suffer from performance issues as more devices are added or if the bus fails, potentially bringing the entire network down.

In contrast, mesh topology connects each node to multiple other nodes, creating a more robust and interconnected network but typically requiring more cabling and resources. Ring topology connects nodes in a circular format, where each node connects to two others, creating a closed loop. The term "network topology" is a general term that encompasses various configurations and does not specify a linear or tree structure. Therefore, bus topology is the most fitting answer for a configuration that connects nodes in a linear format.