Which concept restricts data access based on necessity in order to perform a job function?

The concept that restricts data access based on necessity to perform a job function is known as "Need to Know." This principle is essential in ensuring that individuals have access only to the data that is necessary for them to efficiently execute their roles. By adhering to this principle, organizations can minimize the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information and enhance overall data security.

For instance, if an employee is responsible for a specific department's finances, they should only have access to financial data pertinent to that department and not to sensitive employee records or other unrelated data. This helps in limiting exposure and potential misuse of sensitive information, following a strict information governance policy.

In contrast, other concepts such as whitelisting involve allowing access only to certain pre-approved data or systems, zero trust is a comprehensive security model that assumes no one inside or outside the organization can be trusted without verification, and least privilege grants users the minimum levels of access necessary. While these concepts contribute to security, they do not specifically target the necessity aspect for job functions in the way "Need to Know" does.