What is passive data collection?

Passive data collection refers to the process of gathering information without the need for direct user engagement or active participation, which is why the option indicating "gathering information without direct permission" aligns with this concept. This method often involves the automatic collection of data through various means, such as tracking user behavior on websites or applications, which typically occurs in the background without explicit consent each time data is collected.

This form of data collection can include things like monitoring online activities, analyzing purchase patterns, or examining how users interact with digital content, all of which tend to happen without users realizing their data is being collected. It contrasts with more active forms of data gathering, like surveys or interviews, where explicit consent and engagement from users are required. This distinction is critical in understanding how different data collection methods operate within the field of information systems and controls.