What feature of next-generation firewalls allows for customization?

The feature of next-generation firewalls that allows for customization is the ability to assign different firewall rules to applications and users. This capability enables organizations to implement granular control over network traffic based on the specific needs of their applications and the behavior of individual users. By defining unique rules tailored to various applications or user roles, administrators can enforce security policies more effectively, allowing for differentiated access and control levels. For instance, an organization can allow employees in the finance department access to specific financial applications while restricting others from accessing sensitive financial data.

This level of customization is crucial in modern environments, where applications vary widely in terms of security requirements and user roles. It provides flexibility and adaptability, ensuring that security measures align closely with business needs.

The other options do not provide the same level of customization. Combining packet filtering and application inspection offers a robust approach to security but lacks the fine-tuning capability of user-specific or application-specific rules. Basic packet filtering and IP address masking techniques, while helpful for certain security aspects, do not facilitate the customizable and detailed control needed in today's dynamic network environments.