What does asymmetric encryption use to encrypt messages?

Asymmetric encryption, also known as public-key cryptography, uniquely utilizes a pair of keys for the encryption and decryption process. This method distinguishes itself by employing a public key for encrypting messages. The public key is widely distributed and accessible, allowing anyone to use it to encrypt a message intended for the owner of the corresponding private key. Only the owner, possessing the private key, can decrypt the message, ensuring secure communication.

This approach eliminates the need for a shared secret and mitigates the risks associated with key distribution, as the public key can be shared openly without compromising security. In contrast, other options highlighted do not correctly align with the mechanisms of asymmetric encryption. The use of a single shared key describes symmetric encryption, where the same key is used for both encryption and decryption. A random number generator plays a role in creating keys or nonces but is not directly responsible for the encryption process itself. Similarly, tokenized values refer to data protection techniques that abstract sensitive data but do not pertain to encryption methods. Thus, the use of a public key in asymmetric encryption is pivotal for establishing secure communication channels.