What component provides temporary storage in a computer system?

Random Access Memory (RAM) is the component that provides temporary storage in a computer system. It is designed to hold data and instructions that are actively being used or processed by the CPU. The key characteristic of RAM is its volatile nature, meaning that it loses all stored information when the power is turned off. This temporary storage allows for quick access to data, enhancing system performance by enabling the CPU to retrieve and execute commands faster compared to fetching data from permanent storage like a hard drive.

In contrast, a hard drive serves as long-term storage for files and applications but is not designed for speed. A power supply is responsible for supplying electrical power to the computer components and does not store data. A network card facilitates communication between computers over a network, playing a role in data transfer rather than storage.