How many layers are in the OSI model?

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model comprises seven distinct layers that provide a framework for understanding and implementing network protocols in systems architecture. Each layer serves a specific role and facilitates communication between systems by defining functions at different levels of the networking process.

The seven layers of the OSI model are:

1. Physical Layer: Responsible for the transmission of raw bitstreams over a physical medium.

2. Data Link Layer: Provides node-to-node data transfer and error correction from the physical layer.

3. Network Layer: Manages routing and forwarding of data packets across the network.

4. Transport Layer: Ensures reliable transmission of data segments between end systems and handles error correction and flow control.

5. Session Layer: Manages sessions and controls the dialogues between computers, enabling persistent connections.

6. Presentation Layer: Transforms data into a format that the application layer can accept, performing functions such as encryption and compression.

7. Application Layer: The topmost layer that provides interfaces and protocols for applications to communicate over the network.

Understanding the OSI model is crucial for network design and troubleshooting, as it helps identify where issues may occur within the communication process. Having seven layers allows for