How is confidentiality defined according to NIST?

Confidentiality, according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), is primarily concerned with ensuring that information is accessed only by individuals who are authorized to do so. This aspect of data security focuses on protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access, thereby maintaining the privacy and integrity of that information.

By limiting access strictly to authorized personnel, organizations can mitigate the risks of data breaches and ensure compliance with regulations regarding data protection. NIST emphasizes this principle as a fundamental building block for establishing robust security practices and frameworks that safeguard sensitive information assets.

The other choices do not accurately represent the concept of confidentiality. Ensuring data is always accessible pertains more to availability than confidentiality. Categorizing data based on sensitivity relates more to classification rather than the direct action of controlling access. Backing up information regularly addresses data availability and disaster recovery, but does not pertain directly to confidentiality.